?挖掘機(jī)在工作時(shí)，需要定期對(duì)液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行維護(hù)，從而提高挖掘機(jī)的工作效率但在維護(hù)過(guò)程中往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些故障，例如：挖掘機(jī)經(jīng)常啟動(dòng)后不能正常工作，或者頻繁的調(diào)整速度；出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)一般是沒(méi)有明顯的聲音或振動(dòng)；甚至出現(xiàn)有水或潤(rùn)滑油流出等等。
下面我們就一起來(lái)看看如何對(duì)挖掘機(jī)進(jìn)行故障診斷和維修液壓系統(tǒng)故障診斷是工程機(jī)械維護(hù)中一項(xiàng)非常重要的工作，但也是一項(xiàng)非常繁瑣和復(fù)雜的工作我們只能在挖掘機(jī)維護(hù)期間排除故障檢修挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的方法是什么？ 一、根據(jù)液壓系統(tǒng)中的不同部件及功能，檢測(cè)其部件的工作性能與功能。
首先要檢查液壓泵的工作性能，主要檢查壓力、流量、壓力等參數(shù)的變化情況其次還要檢查控制元件的工作性能，如液壓表和壓力、流量等主要參數(shù)的變化情況，并測(cè)試其功能正常與否，如故障如何變化；是否有泄漏等檢查挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)中是否存在嚴(yán)重的缺陷，如閥件磨損、松動(dòng)、變形、漏油、泄漏等。
當(dāng)出現(xiàn)上述現(xiàn)象時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)檢查或更換相關(guān)的元件和部件，并將問(wèn)題記錄下來(lái)，以便及時(shí)排除故障只有這樣才能對(duì)挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行檢修，確保其性能良好和正常使用對(duì)故障的判斷主要集中在故障的特征及影響因素和原因上 1、故障特征主要表現(xiàn)為液壓泵異常振動(dòng)，有時(shí)還會(huì)發(fā)出噪音、啟動(dòng)困難等癥狀，這可能由于油溫過(guò)高或壓力太低造成。
影響因素：油溫過(guò)高，導(dǎo)致流量、壓力減??；壓力太低，導(dǎo)致啟動(dòng)困難影響因素：液壓泵流量過(guò)大或壓力過(guò)低，會(huì)造成泵堵死，從而引起油溫過(guò)高或啟動(dòng)困難影響因素：液壓泵工作壓力低或真空泵吸油不干凈造成空氣進(jìn)入活塞桿內(nèi)側(cè)形成空氣密封腔；真空泵吸油不干凈；油壓表不顯示出壓力值等。
2、影響因素及原因可能引起的故障有： ①、液壓系統(tǒng)中有無(wú)固體雜物；②、液壓油的質(zhì)量是否良好；③、系統(tǒng)是否存在嚴(yán)重缺陷 3、可能的影響因素是由于壓力閥的閥體密封不良，閥芯的磨損或閥芯安裝不當(dāng)、磨損嚴(yán)重而產(chǎn)生漏油。
檢查時(shí)，要先將液壓泵安裝到主機(jī)上，然后將閥芯卸下，將閥芯放入空腔內(nèi)，再將閥體從空腔蓋中裝入，然后用螺栓將閥芯固定，再進(jìn)行壓力測(cè)試；若壓力值未達(dá)到正常值，可再進(jìn)行檢查，若壓力仍未達(dá)到正常值，可再次測(cè)量；若壓力仍未達(dá)到正常值，可將閥芯拆下（裝閥時(shí)應(yīng)將閥體裝好),進(jìn)行壓力試驗(yàn)。
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