徑向不平衡力的產(chǎn)生：液壓力 液體分布規(guī)律：從高壓腔到低壓腔，沿齒輪外的壓力逐齒降低p↑，徑向不平衡力增大齒輪和軸承受到很大的沖擊載荷，產(chǎn)生振動和噪聲 改善措施：縮小壓油口，以減小壓力油作用面積增加泵體內(nèi)表面與齒頂間隙之間的壓力平衡槽將降低體積效率 總之：泵壓力愈高，泄漏愈大。
提高齒輪泵壓力的方法： 浮動軸套補償原理：將壓力油引入軸套背面，使其靠近齒輪端面，補償磨損，減少間隙 彈性側(cè)板補償原理：通過側(cè)板本身的變形，將泵出口壓力油引至側(cè)板背面，以補償端面間隙 外嚙合齒輪泵的優(yōu)點 1.結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，制造方便，價格低廉 2.結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，體積小，重量輕 3.自吸性能好，對油污不敏感 4.工作可靠，便于維護 外嚙合齒輪泵的缺點 1.流量脈動大 2.噪聲大 3.排量不可調(diào) 嚙合齒輪泵由小齒輪、內(nèi)齒環(huán)、月牙隔板等組成 工作原理:小齒輪帶動內(nèi)齒環(huán)同向異速旋轉(zhuǎn)，左半部分輪齒退出嚙合，形成真空吸油。
右半部分輪齒退出嚙合，容積減小，壓油月牙板同兩齒輪將吸壓油口隔開 擺線齒形內(nèi)嚙合齒輪泵由內(nèi)外轉(zhuǎn)子相差一齒組成，有偏心距離 工作原理：吸油—左半部分，輪齒脫開嚙合容積↑，壓油—右半部分，輪齒進入嚙合容積↓ 特點:結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，尺寸小，重量輕，運轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)，噪聲小流量脈動小。
但齒形復(fù)雜，加工困難，價格昂貴 螺桿泵組成 一根主動螺桿——雙頭、右旋、凸螺桿 兩個從動螺桿-雙頭，左旋，凹螺桿，安裝在泵體內(nèi)，與其他部件形成螺桿泵 螺桿泵工作原理：V密形成，V密變化，吸壓油口隔開 V密形成必須滿足四個密封條件，才能形成空間八字形密封容積： 1主從動螺桿共扼 2螺桿根數(shù)和螺紋頭數(shù)必須滿足一定關(guān)系 3泵體最小長度應(yīng)大于螺桿的導(dǎo)程 4保證最小徑向間隙 V密變化：當(dāng)主動螺桿逆時針方向旋轉(zhuǎn)時：左面吸油，右面壓油 吸壓油口隔開：滿足上述四個密封條件 特點:結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，體積小，重量輕，運行穩(wěn)定、噪音低、使用壽命長、流量均勻、自吸能力強、體積效率高、無油現(xiàn)象；但螺桿齒形復(fù)雜，加工難度大，精度難以保證。
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